Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Yet it would be difficult to find three more different countries than morocco, the conservative. On 28 april, the popular cafe argana in the heart of marrakech was ripped apart by a. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2. The ongoing protests in morocco, sparked by the death of a fish vendor last week, have led some to speculate that morocco might be on the verge of a second arab spring.
The repressive and violent nature of the arab regimes also ranks high on the list of major factors culminating in the 2011 arab uprisings. The potentially positive impact of current reforms on political. Since the onset of the arab spring, morocco has experienced protests about a diverse range of economic, political, and social. I asked people i know in the countries of the arab spring to tell us how they think things currently stand and what role technology. This article explores the meaning of social media in the social uprisings during the. The country is vast, and not every city can be covered in depth. The arab spring started in countries that actually had economic growth.
Five years after the start of the arab uprisings, mainstream islamist groups find themselves between what has been termed the twin shocks of the arab spring. The repressive and violent nature of the arab regimes also ranks high on the list of major factors. In syria the events of the arab spring morphed into a civil war that has yet to end. Arab spring in morocco ugent open access journals universiteit. Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip. Dec 17, 2011 a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Yet it would be difficult to find three more different countries than morocco, the conservative monarchy, revolutionary algeria, and moderate tunisiaparticularly in light of the arab spring of 2011. Later, the situation developed in several directions. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Arab spring simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Morocco and jordan are successful arab spring models jordan and morocco are two models those who did not miss the train during the tumultuous arab spring friends name.
Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Jun 17, 2011 the arab spring has passed morocco by, but that doesnt mean the kingdom hasnt had its share of trouble. Explaining divergent outcomes of the arab spring baker institute. The arab spring of 2011 was an exhilarating moment for participants as well as many obser vers. The 2011 constitutional referendum was a success on the part of. Real gdp growth 2010, 2015 fffi fffi6% fffi4% fffi2% fffi 0% ff 2% ff 4% ff algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015 source. This po l i c y br i e f attempts to analyze whether and how the arab spring might affect regional foreign and security policies in the context of con. In jordan, algeria, morocco, saudi arabia, kuwait, the united arab emirates, mauritania, sudan and oman, the authorities managed to convince the public that they would meet their needs and introduce new reforms. Unemployment rates 2010, 2015 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015 source. Pdf the internet and democracy in arab spring morocco.
Fikris death drew parallels to that of the tunisian fruit and vegetable seller, mohamed bouazizi, in december of 2010 which helped spark the arab spring uprisings. Arab spring in morocco, and the way activists in the 20 february movement, named after the first big demonstration. They were centred around demands for political reform, which included reform against police brutality, electoral fraud, political censorship and high unemployment. The protests in morocco were inspired by the arab spring protests and revolutions in other north african countries. Reverberations from the arab spring of 2011 continue to rock the middle east. Arab spring as a result of inequality, corruption, concentration of wealth and power in hands of very few, arab youth lead revolutions in tunisia followed by egypt, libya, bahrain, yemen, and syria calling for. This second volume ofthe arab spring five years laterprovides the original research papers on which volume 1 by hafez ghanem is based. Aug 18, 2017 the movement started with a rifbased focus, demanding an inquiry into fikris death and previous mysterious killings during the 2011 arab springinspired protests. This supplement details the political capital, rabat, the economic capital, casablanca, as well as marrakech, one of moroccos grandest cities. Approaching the concept of islamic constitutionalism from a comparative perspective, this thoughtprovoking study by antoni abat i ninet and mark tushnet uses traditional western political. Egypt, morocco, and tunisia, which saw nonviolent protests and.
Moroccos exceptional arab spring was characterized by a collected response by its leader and a desire for further progress by its populace. On the margins of the arab spring alice wilson abstract this. History, culture and geography have set north africa apart from the rest of the arab and mediterranean worlds. The movement started with a rifbased focus, demanding an inquiry into fikris death and previous mysterious killings during the 2011 arab springinspired protests.
The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the recent history of morocco, findings from research done by dr. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring. Morocco is strategically located at the strait of gibraltar, which is a significant sealane of control. Beginning in december, 2010 revolutions swept through tunisia, egypt, libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. They were centred around demands for political reform, which included reform against. Microfinance is one of the sectors that suffered most from the arab spring revolutions. In general, past episodes of political instability were characterized by a sharp. Six years after the arab spring, morocco is experiencing its. Pdf encouraged by the uprisings in tunisia and egypt, and the arab spring, young moroccans began to organise huge. Morocco, arab spring, new social movement, social media, meaningmaking. Messner and asibi danjuma contributed to this report. Wednesday, january 11, 2012 abstract tunisia triggered a wave of protests that has been sweeping all over the north africa and the middle east since the early 2011. Wednesday, january 11, 2012 abstract tunisia triggered a wave of protests that has been sweeping all over the north africa and the middle. This paper examines comparable historical episodes of political instability to derive implications for the near and mediumterm economic outlook in the arab countries in transition.
It set the motion in the socalled arab spring and successfully demonstrated that social and political transformation. While interconnected, uprisings in each nation took different forms and reached. Shadi hamid tracks the evolution of islamist political parties prior to and in the wake of the arab spring, analyzing how authoritarian regimes, islamists, secularists and others in egypt, jordan. The wave of arab spring which started from tunisia at the ending of 2010, by a young graduate and vegetable vender, and after setting himself on the fire due to harassment and insult by a police women, after suicide by the young vegetable vender theres people began the protest against the government and their officials, then soon after this protest transformed as a heavy conflict between. College jacobs university bremen ggmbh course mass beliefs and democracy grade 1. The arab spring uprisings of 2011 triggered a wide set of social movements and regime change across the middle east and north africa. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Arab spring not over in morocco security forces stand guard as hundreds of rif movement supporters attend an antigovernment protest demanding release of nasser alzefzafi, who was arrested for organizing demonstration, morocco. Initially, these protests were a form of civil disobedience.
Another arab spring common feature was the absence of traditional lead. The spring of 2011 produced a wave of demonstrations and revolution in the arab world. The arab spring has passed morocco by, but that doesnt mean the kingdom hasnt had its share of trouble. This paper examines comparable historical episodes of. Political party development before and after the arab spring. Vintage 70s plant hanger morocco pattern instant download pdf 1. The 2011 constitutional referendum was a success on the part of king mohammed vi in so far as the reforms calmed moroccans and satisfied their demand for an enumeration of human rights. Violent protests and civil conflict in egypt and syria appear in headlines daily. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and longterm impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. The arab spring phenomenaa revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests that havebeen taking place in the arab world since 18 december of. The reasons and economic and political consequences of. Morocco will seem like another world, with its cultural differences and its customs being foreign to many westerners of the 1920s.
The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Yet morocco appears to have escaped the arab spring relatively unscathed. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Oct 22, 20 the purpose of the meeting was to discuss the recent history of morocco, findings from research done by dr. Protests occurred on a large scale in algeria, jordan, morocco and oman. The prospects of political islam in a troubled region. Morocco and jordan are successful arab spring models al. Dec 01, 2014 shadi hamid tracks the evolution of islamist political parties prior to and in the wake of the arab spring, analyzing how authoritarian regimes, islamists, secularists and others in egypt, jordan. The arab spring has broken out in morocco pushing king mohammed vi to put forth in lightning speed a new constitution requiring an elected rather than an appointed prime minister, the first such step in any.
Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. The wave of arab spring which started from tunisia at the ending of 2010, by a young graduate and vegetable vender, and after setting himself on the fire due to harassment and insult by a police women. Location of morroco click on image for larger version 27. Its origins, evolution and consequences four years on. Pdf as a key channel, especially in twentyfirst century middle east north africa mena, the internet has been. Gafsa region of tunisia and in the southern moroccan port of sidi ifni, or the. This article focuses on three early cases of the arab spring tunisia, egypt, and morocco to discuss causes and. Growing out of dissatisfaction with the government of president bashar assad, the war in syria has become a major armed conflict involving multiple sides. In echo of arab spring, s protest in morocco after. The arab uprisings articulated deep grievances about economically and. In this edited volume, ghanem assembles a collection of important research conducted by scholars from a variety of backgrounds to provide a deeper understanding of the economic factors that led to the arab spring. A year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Why moroccos latest protests will not usher in another arab.
Arab spring as a result of inequality, corruption, concentration of wealth and power in hands of very few, arab youth lead revolutions in tunisia followed by egypt, libya, bahrain, yemen, and syria calling for changing regimes. The uprisings that began in tunisia in december 2010 and spread across much of north africa and the middle east share many similarities to the moroccan protests. Arab spring not over in morocco security forces stand guard as hundreds of rif movement supporters attend an antigovernment protest demanding release of nasser alzefzafi, who was arrested for. Morocco travel guide pdf introduction located a few miles from the coast of spain, morocco is known not only for its early islamic architecture but also for its great tasting dishes and beautiful. Over the past two years, ongoing political transitions in many arab countries have led to social unrest and an economic downturn. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. In jordan, algeria, morocco, saudi arabia, kuwait, the united arab emirates, mauritania. Western sahara had been holding demonstrations against morocco since. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the. Beginning in december, 2010 revolutions swept through tunisia, egypt, libya, bahrain, syria and. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. Development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria.
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